Applying hydrological modeling to unravel the effects of land use change on the runoff of a paramo ecosystem

To gather insight into the impact of afforestation on hydrology a mountain river basin comparative study was conducted with objective to derive answers following questions: 1) How calibrate parameters hydrological models subject land use change? 2) What is peaks, total flow, and baseflow when gradually changes from tussock-grass pine plantation? 3) Is different upstream downstream (U-D) or (D-U)? The results show that peaks are respectively reduced by 21%, 66% 21%. This presents calibration approach quantify effects change before it done.